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1. Goal Incompatibility:-
   • Goals may conflict with others
   • Reinforced by reward systems

 2. Differentiation:-

1. • People hold different beliefs due to unique backgrounds, experiences, training
   • Caused by specialized tasks and career paths
   • Cultural differences
   • Mergers—different values/experiences explains conflict

 3. Task Interdependence:-

1. • Conflict increases when people share common inputs, have interdependent processes, or receive common outcomes
   • Three levels of interdependence……
     • 3 levels of interdependence
     • Pooled interdependence —work units rely on a common resource or authority
     • Sequential interdependence —one person’s output is next person’s input
     • Reciprocal interdependence —output is exchanged back and forth among units

 4. Scarce Resources:-

1. • Potential conflict increases as shared resources decrease
   • Results in more competition for resources to fulfill goals

 5. Ambiguity:-

1. • Lack of rules guiding relations between parties
   • Encourages political tactics to intercept resources
   • Ambiguity weakens coordination

 6. Communication Problems:-

1. • Conflict due to lack of opportunity, ability or motivation to communicate effectively
   • Lack of opportunity—reliance on stereotypes
   • Lack of ability—arrogant communication heightens conflict perception
   • Lack of motivation—conflict causes lower motivation to communicate, which increases stereotyping

Organisational Conflict Sources of conflict Reward system Interdependence processes Ambiguity Communication problem